Safety Vulnerabilities

Agentic Large Language Model (LLM) systems utilizing persistent memory, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) pipelines, and external tool connectors are vulnerable to Logic-layer Prompt Control Injection (LPCI). An attacker can inject obfuscated (e.g., encoded, structurally nested, or semantically reframed) payloads into external memory stores or RAG documents. These payloads bypass conventional inference-time plaintext content filters, persist across session boundaries, and remain dormant…

Autoregressive language models are vulnerable to state-dependent safety collapse via structured multi-turn context manipulation. The vulnerability stems from the model treating dialogue history as a state transition operator rather than a passive record. By initializing a conversational trajectory with a semantic-preserving softened query and a query-aware persona containing specific named entities, an attacker can establish "representational anchors" that trigger abrupt phase transitions in…

A vulnerability in contrastive activation steering allows attackers to subvert Large Language Model (LLM) behavior via dataset poisoning. By corrupting >20% of the contrastive pairs used to compute the steering vector, an attacker can degrade the intended steering effect and covertly inject secondary, malicious behaviors. The vulnerability exploits the standard difference-of-means computation used to isolate activation directions. Because the steering vector is calculated as the unweighted…

Activation steering techniques, such as Contrastive Activation Addition (CAA), systematically erode the safety alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs) due to geometric interference within the residual stream. Steering vectors intended to modulate benign or utility-driven behaviors (e.g., sycophancy, openness, self-awareness) often exhibit a negative cosine similarity with the model's latent 1D refusal direction. When applied during inference, these steering vectors inadvertently suppress the…

LLM-based autonomous email security agents configured with signal-based system prompts are vulnerable to a "signal inversion" attack via infrastructure phishing. When a system prompt instructs an LLM to prioritize a specific heuristic—such as sender-URL domain consistency—attackers can bypass the security filter entirely by registering a single, inexpensive domain and using it for both the sender email address and the malicious payload host. Because the LLM faithfully executes the prioritized…

A vulnerability in the safety alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs) allows attackers to bypass safety guardrails by using malicious prompts contextualized in the Thai language and culture. Evaluated models exhibit a significantly higher Attack Success Rate (ASR) against Thai-specific, culturally contextualized attacks compared to general translated attacks. By exploiting local cultural nuances, regional slang, and Thai socio-cultural contexts, attackers can easily circumvent standard…

A vulnerability in LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) allows an attacker to propagate covert biases and misalignment across multiple agents via subliminal prompting, an attack vector termed "Thought Virus." By injecting a seemingly benign, semantically unrelated token (such as a specific 3-digit number) into the prompt of a single compromised agent, an attacker can induce a specific targeted behavior (e.g., outputting a specific target concept or decreasing factual truthfulness). This induced…

Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) are vulnerable to highly query-efficient black-box jailbreak attacks due to the structural properties of refusal behaviors: skewed token contribution and cross-model consistency. Refusal mechanisms within LLMs are typically triggered by a sparse subset of sensitive tokens rather than the entire prompt, and these refusal representations (specifically the primary left singular vector of the perturbed representation matrix at intermediate layers) are…

A temporal trajectory infilling vulnerability in Text-to-Video (T2V) generative models allows attackers to bypass input and output safety filters to generate policy-violating content. The vulnerability is exploited using a fragmented prompting technique known as Two Frames Matter (TFM). An attacker submits a prompt that specifies only sparse boundary conditions (the start and end frames) using semantically suggestive but lexically benign alternatives, entirely omitting the intermediate action…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are vulnerable to TAO-Attack, an advanced optimization-based jailbreak that bypasses safety alignments by exploiting gradient-guided token updates. The vulnerability stems from a two-stage loss function combined with a Direction-Priority Token Optimization (DPTO) algorithm. In the first stage, the attack optimizes an adversarial prompt suffix to minimize the probability of refusal signals (e.g., "I cannot") while maximizing the probability of a harmful target…