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Last analyzed Sep 9, 2026

Language Model Security Database

985 research findings · 1119 evaluated models

Filtered research findings

798 entries

Matches every word across titles, descriptions, sources, affected systems, and models.

Workspace Agent Runtime Safety Failures Across Risk Carriers

Published Analyzed Source: arXiv

AgentS4D measures unsafe actions and state changes across complete workspace-agent executions rather than treating task completion or isolated model responses as safety evidence. Its 328 sandboxed cases introduce risky content through user requests, documents, web resources, tools, third-party skills, and persistent memory, then compare the same cases across four agent harnesses and five model backends.

AgentS4D: Benchmarking Runtime Risks across the Execution Lifecycle of LLM-Based Workspace Agents
Evaluated models: GPT-5.5, Gemini 3.1 Pro, DeepSeek V4-Pro+2 more
  • GPT-5.5
  • Gemini 3.1 Pro
  • DeepSeek V4-Pro
  • MiniMax-M3
  • Qwen3.7-Plus

Incomplete MCP Tool-Call Attack Detection

Published Analyzed Source: arXiv

The MTGuard study evaluates unsafe Model Context Protocol tool calls originating from compromised server data, host-side execution changes, and malicious user-controlled resources. Its hybrid monitor combines pre-execution parameter inspection, behavioral observation, and post-execution result verification across browser-automation and financial-analysis agents.

Hybrid Analysis for Secure MCP Tool Use in LLM Agents
Evaluated models: GPT-5.6 Luna, DeepSeek V4 Flash, DeepSeek V4-Pro

Long-Context Enterprise Agent Policy Adherence Failures

Published Analyzed Source: arXiv

HANDBOOK.md measures whether an agent can apply detailed organizational rules while completing realistic, multi-step enterprise tasks. The vendor-authored benchmark includes 65 resettable MCP-backed workflows, policy documents of 20 to 124 pages, and 824 deterministic rubric checks covering required decisions, prohibited actions, and final environment state.

HANDBOOK.md: A Benchmark for Long-Context Agentic Instruction Following
Evaluated models: Claude Fable 5, GPT-5.6 Sol, Claude Opus 4.8+16 more
  • Claude Fable 5
  • GPT-5.6 Sol
  • Claude Opus 4.8
  • GPT-5.5
  • Grok 4.5
  • Muse Spark 1.1
  • GLM 5.2
  • Kimi K3
  • Gemini 3.5 Flash
  • Claude Sonnet 4.6
  • Gemini 3.1 Pro
  • DeepSeek V4-Pro
  • Qwen 3.7 Max
  • DeepSeek V4 Flash
  • Kimi-K2.6
  • Gemini 3.6 Flash
  • Gemini 3.5 Flash-Lite
  • Grok 4.3
  • Nemotron 3 Ultra

Malicious GitHub Issue Injection Against Coding Agents

Published Analyzed Source: arXiv

IssueTrojanBench studies indirect prompt injection when a coding agent processes an apparently ordinary software-development issue or related artifact. Starting with six legitimate seed issues from two Python repositories, the authors construct 696 adversarial issue variants spanning four unsafe-action families and six delivery formats, then execute those variants across six agent-model configurations.

IssueTrojanBench: Benchmarking AI Coding Agents Against Malicious Issue Requests
Evaluated models: GPT-5.3 Codex, GPT-5.4, Claude Sonnet 4.6

Third-Party Agent Skill Supply-Chain Execution Risks

Published Analyzed Source: arXiv

OpenSkillRisk evaluates whether agent harnesses safely handle third-party skills that introduce risky behavior through otherwise plausible, benign tasks. The benchmark assembles 263 risky skills from public agent-skill ecosystems and tests three CLI-agent harnesses against seven risk categories using isolated task workspaces, mocked external services, and execution-level evidence.

OpenSkillRisk: Benchmarking Agent Safety When Using Real-World Risky Third-Party Skills
Evaluated models: GPT-5.1 Codex Mini, GPT-5.3 Codex, GPT-5.4+10 more
  • GPT-5.1 Codex Mini
  • GPT-5.3 Codex
  • GPT-5.4
  • Gemini 2.5 Pro
  • Gemini 3 Flash
  • Gemini 3.1 Pro
  • Claude Haiku 4.5
  • Claude Sonnet 4.6
  • Claude Opus 4.6
  • DeepSeek V3.2
  • DeepSeek V4-Pro
  • Kimi-K2.6
  • GLM-5.1

Prompt injection across agent privilege boundaries

Published Analyzed Source: arXiv

Untrusted issue descriptions and tool responses can redirect privileged coding and tool agents. Twin Agent separates exploration from execution and restricts the information exchanged between them.

Twin Agent: Context Residual Compression for Privilege Separated Agents
Evaluated models: GPT-5.2, Gemini 2.5 Flash, Gemini 3.5 Flash

Unsafe shell commands can pass LLM agent dispatch guards

Published Analyzed Source: arXiv

Shell-command screening can miss harmful actions generated by coding agents. CARE combines static checks with optional model review at the command-dispatch boundary.

CARE: Pre-Execution Command Verification for Shell-Executing LLM Agents
Evaluated models: Qwen3-Coder-30B-A3B-Instruct, Granite Guardian 2B, Llama Guard 3 8B+1 more
  • Qwen3-Coder-30B-A3B-Instruct
  • Granite Guardian 2B
  • Llama Guard 3 8B
  • GPT-oss Safeguard 20B

Lifecycle poisoning of reusable agent skills

Published Analyzed Source: arXiv

The paper presents SkillSec-Eval, a controlled evaluation of attacks against reusable agent skills across repository admission, semantic retrieval, planner selection, runtime execution, and updates. It reports that malicious metadata, retrieval manipulation, unsafe workflow composition, and poisoned updates can cause agents to retrieve, select, or execute unintended skills. These are paper-reported benchmark results, not independently verified vulnerabilities in a named production product.

Agent Skill Security: Threat Models, Attacks, Defenses, and Evaluation
Evaluated models: all-MiniLM-L6-v2, Gemini 3.1 Pro, Gemini 1.5 Flash

Semantic-Bridging Jailbreaks Reroute Llama-2 Safety Pathways

Published Analyzed Source: arXiv

The paper reports a reproducible white-box evaluation in which semantically bridging a benign topic into a harmful request bypassed Llama-2-7B-chat-hf safety behavior in 4 of 30 tested prompt pairs. Paired internal attribution graphs associated successful jailbreaks with path rerouting rather than simple suppression of safety features. This is a paper-reported result, not independently verified here. Defensive reproduction should use the paper’s supplied dataset and code in an isolated…

Mechanistic Interpretability of LLM Jailbreaks via Internal Attribution Graphs
Evaluated models: Llama 2 7B Chat

Information-Overloading Jailbreaks in Vision-Language Models

Published Analyzed Source: arXiv

The paper describes a reproducible black-box multimodal jailbreak evaluation, INFER/INFER+, in which dense image typography, nested cross-modal references, recursive visual layouts, and entropy-guided search increase processing complexity and weaken refusal behavior in large vision-language models. The authors report average ASRs of 88.6% on open-source models and 84.0% on commercial models; these are paper-reported measurements, not independently verified facts. For safe defensive…

Overloading Large Vision-Language Models for Jailbreaking
Evaluated models: Qwen3-VL 8B, Qwen2-VL-7B, InternVL3.5-8B+5 more
  • Qwen3-VL 8B
  • Qwen2-VL-7B
  • InternVL3.5-8B
  • InternVL 2 8B
  • Llama 3.2 11B Vision
  • GPT-4.1 Mini
  • Gemini 2.5 Flash
  • Gemini 2.5 Flash-Lite

Research methodology

Entries summarize publicly available primary-source security research. Model names reflect only systems explicitly evaluated by the cited paper, and measurements are research-reported unless independent verification is stated.

Discovery and publication are separate: new papers enter a candidate queue, then require human review and explicit approval before publication. Updates follow that review process, not a guaranteed daily publishing schedule. “Last analyzed” is the newest analysis date among published entries; it does not mean that all recent research has been covered.